6-1 Network Protocols and Services

> Configure and troubleshoot the TCP/IP protocol.

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A networking protocol that allows computers to communicate across interconnected networks and the Internet. Every computer on the Internet supports TCP/IP.

Transmission Control Protocol, A connection based Internet protocol responsible for breaking data into packets, which the IP protocol sends over the network. IP is located at the TCP/IP Internet layer which corresponds to the network layer of the OSI Model. IP is responsible for routing packets by their IP address.

IP is a connectionless protocol. which means, IP does not establish a connection between source and destination before transmitting data, thus packet delivery is not guaranteed by IP. Instead, this must be provided by TCP. TCP is a connection based protocol and, is designed to guarantee delivery by monitoring the connection between source and destination before data is transmitted. TCP places packets in sequential order and requires acknowledgment from the receiving node that they arrived properly before any new data is sent.

Microsoft TCP/IP provides the following benefits:  

• Support for Internet connectivity and the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP).
• Connectivity across interconnected networks with different operating systems and hardware platforms, including communication with many non-Microsoft systems, such as Internet hosts, Apple Macintosh systems, IBM mainframes, UNIX systems, and Open VMS systems.
• Support for automatic TCP/IP configuration using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) servers such as Windows 2000 servers.
• Support for automatic IP-address-to-NetBIOS computer name resolution using Windows NT Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) servers.
• Support for Windows Sockets 1.1 and 2.0, which are used by many client/server applications and many public-domain Internet tools.
• Support for the NetBIOS interface, commonly known as NetBIOS over TCP/IP.
• Support for many commonly used utilities, which are installed with the protocol.

To install TCP/IP

• In the Network option in Control Panel, click Add on the Configuration tab.
• In the Select Network Component Type dialog box, double-click Protocol.
• In the Select Network Protocol dialog box, select Microsoft from the Manufacturers list. In the Network Protocols list, click TCP/IP.
• Click OK.

Ping is a command, which forwards a packet to a URL over the Internet or within an Intranet. This verifies that TCP/IP is configured correctly and that a connection can be made.

The basic ping command syntax is "ping hostname".

Ping 127.0.0.1 This is the loopback address and verifies that the computer that you are pinging from can communicate via TCP/IP with its own ethernet adapter.

ipconfig Allows you to view TCP/IP settings and configuration.

> Connect to computers by using dial-up networking.

1. Open Network and Dial-up Connections.
2. Double-click Make New Connection, and then click Next.
3. Select Connect directly to another compter, click Next, and then follow the instructions in the Network Connection wizard.

Connect to computers by using a virtual private network (VPN) connection.

1. Open Network and Dial-up Connections.
2. Double-click Make New Connection, and then click Next.
3. Click Connect to a private network through the Internet, and click Next.
4. Type the host name or IP address of the computer or network to which you are connecting, and then click Next.
5. Select either Only for myself or For all users, and then click Next.
6. If you want to let other computers access resources through this dial-up connection, select the Enable Internet connection sharing for this connection check box, and then click Next.
7. Type a name for the connection, and then click Finish.

Create a dial-up connection to connect to a remote access server.

When a remote access client makes a nonpermanent, dial-up connection to a physical port on a remote access server by using the service of a telecommunications provider such as analog phone, ISDN, or X.25. The best example of dial-up networking is that of a dial-up networking client who dials the phone number of one of the ports of a remote access server.

Dial-up networking over an analog phone or ISDN is a direct physical connection between the dial-up networking client and the dial-up networking server. You can encrypt data sent over the connection, but it is not required.

Windows 2000 Server provides traditional dial-up remote access services to support mobile users or home users who are dialing in to organization intranets. Dial-up equipment that is installed on a remote access server running Windows 2000 answers incoming connection requests from dial-up networking clients. The remote access server answers the call, authenticates and authorizes the caller, and transfers data between the dial-up networking client and the organization intranet.

To create a dail-up connection to a remote access server

1. Open Network and Dial-up Connections.
2. Double-click Make New Connection, and then click Next.
3. Select Dial-up to private network, click Next, and then follow the instructions in the Network Connection wizard.